London’s Natural History Museum is set to showcase a unique Jurassic skeleton in one of its main halls, known as Enigmacursor mollyborthwickae.
The species, which is new to science, would have roamed North America approximately 145-150 million years ago. A team of experts have carried out critical scientific research on the specimen, settling a century-long taxonomic tangle and defining this fossil as a new species to science.
The two-legged herbivore from the famous Morrison Formation in the US will be on display from 26 June 2025 for visitors to meet.
During the late Jurassic period, the dinosaur stood at half a metre tall and a little over a metre long, darting around the floodplains of the western United States in the shadows of giants like Diplodocus (such as Natural History Museum’s ‘Dippy‘) and Stegosaurus (like ‘Sophie’, who also resides in the Museum’s Earth Hall).
The museum says there are signs that the dinosaur was not fully grown: the top section of vertebrae (the neural arches), which form separately from the lower parts and fuse together as the animal ages, were not fully fused in place, suggesting Enigmacursor may have been quite young.
“Generous donation”
The dinosaur would also have been an agile runner, hence the latter part of its genus name, ‘cursor’. ‘Enigma’ relates to the mystery surrounding the taxonomic tangle that has been resolved today by new research published in the journal Royal Society Open Science, co-authored by museum palaeontologists Prof. Susannah Maidment and Prof. Paul Barrett.
Maidment comments: “The generous donation of this rare specimen has had quite unexpected scientific repercussions. By studying its anatomy in detail, we have been able to clarify this species’ evolutionary relationships, its taxonomy and the diversity of a previously poorly understood group of small dinosaurs.”
“Getting taxonomy right is vital; it underpins everything we do as palaeontologists, and if we get it wrong, everything else collapses. Rather than simply assigning fossils to familiar names, this discovery shows just how vital rigorous taxonomic work is. This requires us to get in front of and scrutinise new fossils – to inform our understanding of the evolution of these fascinating creatures.”
Barrett adds: ‘‘Unveiling Enigmacursor mollyborthwickae in our world-class natural history museum, whilst also placing it reliably onto the evolutionary tree, is an incredibly exciting milestone. Enabling access to a high-quality specimen, made possible by donation, for our millions of visitors is an important part of our work to inspire an appreciation of the wonders of the natural world and its deep history.”
Further research needed
Unearthed back in 2021/2022 from a commercial quarry, Enigmacursor was acquired from the David Aaron gallery, thanks to the support of David and Molly Lowell Borthwick.
At the time, it was thought to be a Nanosaurus, a lesser-known species of small herbivorous dinosaur first named in the 1870s. However, on closer inspection, Maidment and Barrett deemed the original Nanosaurus specimen too poorly preserved to serve as a reliable reference for identification.
With better-quality fossils having been found, they officially set aside the name Nanosaurus in the interest of taxonomic stability. Differences between the original specimen and the Museum’s new specimen were the final pieces of the puzzle to confirm it as a new genus and species.
More research is now needed to confirm whether other specimens around the world previously thought to be Nanosaurus are also different species, all of which once shared the Morrison landscape with Enigmacursor.
Enigmacursor mollyborthwickae will be on permanent public display on the first-floor mezzanine in Earth Hall from Thursday 26th June 2025.
Photos: Natural History Museum
